Nyungwe Forest National Park
Nyungwe Forest National Park, nestled in southern Rwanda, is one of Central Africa’s most extraordinary and ecologically significant rainforests. Spanning over 1,019 km² of lush Afromontane forest, bamboo slopes, meadows, wetlands, and marshes, Nyungwe is not only Rwanda’s largest forest but also one of the oldest rainforests on the continent. It is uniquely positioned along the watershed between the Congo River basin to the west and the Nile River basin to the east, with one of the Nile’s branches emerging from the forest itself. Established officially as a national park in 2004, Nyungwe is now recognized as one of the most biodiverse regions in East Africa, hosting an impressive variety of flora and fauna.
The park is bordered to the south by Kibira National Park in Burundi and to the west by Lake Kivu and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Its proximity to the town of Cyangugu, just 54 kilometers away, makes it relatively accessible while still retaining a remote and pristine feel. Inside the park lies Mount Bigugu, whose slopes contribute to the rich biodiversity of the forest. Over the years, Nyungwe has become a destination for conservationists, researchers, and eco-tourists alike, thanks to its dense vegetation, numerous rivers, and abundant wildlife.
History of Nyungwe Forest National Park
Nyungwe Forest is one of the oldest and most biologically rich rainforests in Central Africa, with a history that stretches back thousands of years. The forest has long been an important ecological zone, serving as a watershed between the Congo River basin to the west and the Nile River basin to the east. Historically, Nyungwe’s dense forests and rugged terrain provided refuge for local communities and wildlife alike. Its relative isolation helped preserve its unique biodiversity, even as surrounding areas were cleared for agriculture and settlement.
In the early 20th century, Nyungwe began to attract the attention of scientists and conservationists due to its remarkable diversity of flora and fauna. It was recognized for its large primate populations, especially chimpanzees and colobus monkeys, as well as its endemic plant and bird species. However, the forest faced growing threats from human activities such as poaching, illegal logging, and slash-and-burn agriculture. These pressures prompted the Rwandan government to take action to protect this ecological treasure.
Officially designated as a national park in 2004, Nyungwe became a cornerstone of Rwanda’s conservation strategy. The park was established to preserve its unique montane rainforest, support biodiversity, and promote sustainable tourism. Over the years, management strategies have evolved, including partnerships with organizations like African Parks to restore the forest, protect wildlife, and engage local communities in conservation efforts. Today, Nyungwe not only preserves a living piece of Rwanda’s natural heritage but also serves as a model for sustainable forest conservation in Central Africa.
The history of Nyungwe is also deeply intertwined with the people of the region. Local communities have traditionally relied on the forest for resources, including medicinal plants, firewood, and food. Modern conservation efforts now focus on balancing human needs with environmental protection, ensuring that Nyungwe continues to thrive for future generations while supporting the livelihoods of surrounding communities.
Biodiversity and Wildlife of Nyungwe Forest
Nyungwe Forest is home to over 1,100 plant species, 345 bird species, and 85 mammal species, including 13 primates. It is renowned for its population of chimpanzees, which have been habituated for eco-tourism and can be observed during daily treks. Besides chimpanzees, visitors can spot Angolan colobus monkeys, Dent’s monkeys, grey-cheeked mangabeys, olive baboons, vervet monkeys, and diademed monkeys, among others. The forest also hosts rare and endemic species unique to the Albertine Rift, making it a biodiversity hotspot that attracts researchers and wildlife enthusiasts from around the globe.
Mammals are diverse but often elusive, with many species being nocturnal or forest-dwelling. Among these, the chimpanzees and the 300+ colobus monkeys in the forest canopy are the most visible to visitors. Birdlife is prolific, with more than 300 species recorded, including several endemics and Albertine Rift specialists. Botanists and nature lovers will appreciate the 200 tree species and 248 orchid species, alongside giant ferns and extensive bamboo groves that provide a unique ecological environment. This incredible diversity makes Nyungwe not only a must-visit for wildlife lovers but also an essential area for conservation research.
Things To Do
Chimp Tracking
Nyungwe Forest National Park is world-renowned for its chimpanzee trekking experiences, which are the park’s main attraction. Treks take place early in the morning when the primates are most active. Guided by experienced rangers, visitors hike through lush rainforest trails to locate and observe chimpanzee families in their natural habitat. During the trek, you can watch these intelligent primates interact, play, and feed, creating an unforgettable wildlife experience.
Primate Watching
Beyond chimpanzees, Nyungwe is home to 13 species of primates, including Angolan colobus monkeys, grey-cheeked mangabeys, L’Hoest’s monkeys, and vervet monkeys. Walking through the forest, visitors are likely to encounter troops of these fascinating creatures, either in the treetops or along the forest floor. The diversity of primates makes Nyungwe Forest National Park a prime destination for anyone interested in observing Africa’s remarkable wildlife up close.
Birdwatching
Nyungwe is a birdwatcher’s paradise, hosting over 300 bird species, including rare Albertine Rift endemics. Canopy platforms and viewpoints along the trails allow visitors to spot colorful birds and butterflies in their natural environment. Whether you are a professional birder or an enthusiastic amateur, the park’s rich avian diversity provides endless opportunities for observation and photography.
Hiking and Walks
The park features a well-maintained network of hiking and walking trails that traverse bamboo forests, swamps, meadows, and ravines lined with ferns. These routes allow visitors to fully immerse themselves in the rainforest environment while observing smaller mammals, unique plants, and the forest’s remarkable ecosystem. Nyungwe’s trails range from easy walks to more challenging hikes, catering to all levels of adventurers seeking both excitement and tranquility.
Nyungwe Forest National Park Fees and Prices
Park Entrance
| Visitor Category | 1 Night | 2 Nights | 3 Nights |
|---|
| Rwandan/EAC Citizens | $10 | $15 | $20 |
| Foreign Residents in Rwanda/EAC | $60 | $90 | $120 |
| African Citizens (Non-EAC) | $60 | $90 | $120 |
| International Visitors | $100 | $150 | $200 |
Chimpanzee Trekking
| Visitor Category | Fee |
|---|
| Rwandan/EAC Citizens | $25 |
| Foreign Residents in Rwanda/EAC | $75 |
| International Visitors | $150 |
Special Activities
| Activity | Rwandan/EAC Citizens | Foreign Residents in Rwanda/EAC | International Visitors |
|---|---|---|---|
| Canopy Walk | $5 | $20 | $40 |
| Guided Bird Watching | $5 | $20 | $40 |
| Other Primate Trekking | $5 | $20 | $40 |
| Night Treks | $5 | $20 | $40 |
How to Access Nyungwe Forest National Park
The park is conveniently split by the Huye–Cyangugu road, with both the Gisakura and Kitabi booking offices providing visitor access. This layout allows for flexible entry points depending on your chosen accommodation and trekking plans. Nyungwe is accessible by road from Kigali, with scenic routes passing through Rwanda’s rolling hills, tea plantations, and small rural communities, offering travelers a glimpse of the country’s beauty before even entering the forest.
Visitors can plan their trips around the best times to visit, typically from June to September and December to February, when rainfall is lighter, making trekking and wildlife viewing easier. Whether coming for chimpanzee tracking, birding, hiking, or simply to enjoy the serene rainforest environment, Nyungwe offers an unforgettable eco-tourism experience.
Where to Stay
Nyungwe Top View Hotel
Nyungwe Top View Hotel is perched on a scenic hillside overlooking the forest and tea plantations, offering breathtaking panoramic views. Its proximity to the park headquarters makes it an ideal base for early morning chimpanzee treks and forest exploration. Guests can enjoy comfortable accommodations, modern amenities, and the convenience of being just minutes away from the park’s main attractions. Top View is perfect for travelers seeking accessibility combined with nature immersion.
One&Only Nyungwe House
For a luxury and secluded experience, One&Only Nyungwe House offers an unparalleled stay within verdant tea estates. This resort combines modern elegance with eco-conscious design, providing guests with contemporary rooms, fine dining, and premium services. Its remote location allows visitors to feel fully immersed in the forest environment while enjoying all the comforts of a high-end lodge. The property is ideal for travelers seeking both adventure and indulgence, as it is strategically positioned for primate trekking and nature-based activities.
